Linux磁盘挂载

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注意事项

1. 假设挂载点为/www

2. 假设磁盘为/dev/vdc

3. 假设磁盘只有卷/dev/vdc1

4. 该方案可能会丢失磁盘所有数据，操作前请先备份

磁盘挂载

磁盘已格式化(用过的磁盘)

1. 磁盘立即挂载

   mkdir /www
   mount /dev/vdc1 /www
   

2. 启用开机挂载

   # 获取磁盘ID
   ll /dev/disk/by-path
   
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1 -> ../../sda
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1-part1 -> ../../sda1
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2 -> ../../vdc
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1 -> ../../vdc1
   # 可以看出磁盘/dev/vdc1的ID为
   # /dev/disk/by-path/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1
   
   # 开机挂载磁盘(根据磁盘id挂载)
   echo "/dev/disk/by-path/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1 /www ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
   

磁盘未格式化(全新的磁盘)

1. 磁盘进行分区

   fdisk /dev/vdc
   # 下面是执行过程
   Command(m for help): n(回车)
   
   Partition type:
      p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
      e   extended
   Select (default p): p(回车)
   
   Partition number (1-4): 1(回车)
   
   First cylinder(2048-xxxxxxxx,default 2048):(回车)
   
   Last cylinder(2048-xxxxxxxx,default xxxxxxxx):(回车)
   
   Command(m for help): wq(回车)
   

2. 分区错误处理

   # 如果上一步遇到【Partition table entries are not in disk order】错误
   # 则按以下步骤修复磁盘
   fdisk /dev/vdc
   Command(m for help): x(专家模式)
   Command(m for help): f(修复分区)
   Command(m for help): wq(保存分区)
   

3. 格式化磁盘

   mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc1
   Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:(回车)
   

4. 磁盘立即挂载

   mkdir /www
   mount /dev/vdc1 /www
   

5. 启用开机挂载

   # 获取磁盘ID
   ll /dev/disk/by-path
   
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1 -> ../../sda
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1-part1 -> ../../sda1
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2 -> ../../vdc
   # lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Dec  2 00:25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1 -> ../../vdc1
   # 可以看出磁盘/dev/vdc1的ID为
   # /dev/disk/by-path/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1
   
   # 开机磁盘挂载(根据磁盘id挂载)
   echo "/dev/disk/by-path/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1 /www ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
   

取消挂载

1. 安装psmisc

   yum install psmisc -y
   

2. 解除目录占用

   fuser -k /www
   

3. 取消磁盘挂载

   umount /dev/vdc1
   

4. 取消开机挂载

   vim /etc/fstab
   
   # 删除挂载/www目录的那一行
   /dev/disk/by-path/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2-part1 /www ext4 defaults 0 0
   
   ESC
   :wq
   

参考链接

1. 开机挂载

2. 新增挂载

3. 移动磁盘

4. 分区类型

5. 扩容MBR

6. 扩容GPT